Heat Pump Troubleshooting in Michigan: Your Checklist
Michigan’s deep-freeze temperatures, harsh wind chills, and lake-effect snow can push any heating system to its limits. When the cold settles in hard, even small issues can snowball quickly.
Our guide gives you clear heat pump troubleshooting steps tailored to Michigan conditions and helps you identify when it’s time to call a pro.
Whether your heat pump is your main heat source or part of a hybrid system, regular checks can help prevent issues that affect comfort and performance. If you notice common heat pump problems or that your heating system isn’t operating the way it should, Andy’s Statewide is here with fast HVAC repair services for Detroit-area homeowners.
Troubleshooting Your Heat Pump in 6 Steps
1. Thermostat Settings & Basics
Start by confirming the thermostat is set to heat, not cool or off, and that your temperature setpoint is at least a few degrees higher than the current room temperature. You can also switch the fan from auto to on temporarily to confirm airflow and rule out other basic heat pump problems.
Common checks include:
- Mode set to heat
- Fan set to auto (use on briefly to test airflow)
- Emergency heat off unless directed
- Increase the setpoint by 3–5°F to trigger heating
- Address thermostat calibration issues or drafts that affect readings
Sudden Michigan cold snaps can also alter smart thermostat schedules, so review eco setback schedules after a blast of frigid weather.
2. Airflow First: Filter & Vents
Restricted airflow is one of the quickest ways to make a heat pump run constantly in cold weather, especially during Michigan’s long winter stretches. A few simple checks can prevent unnecessary strain and improve heat transfer.
Start with the essentials:
- Replace or clean your air filter (check monthly in winter)
- Open all supply vents and move rugs or furniture away
- Make sure the return grille isn’t blocked
- Inspect basements or crawl spaces for collapsed flex duct
Poor airflow forces the system to work harder for less heat output, so keeping these pathways clear is one of the most effective cold-weather fixes.
3. Outdoor Unit in Michigan Conditions
Outdoor units take a beating during lake-effect snow, drifting powder, and deep-freeze temperatures. Light frost is normal, but heavier buildup can reduce performance and risk damage, and is often the first sign that your heat pump is freezing in winter.
Keep the area clear with these checks:
- Maintain 18–24” of clearance around and above the unit
- Brush snow from the top grille—never use shovels or sharp tools
- Confirm the fan spins freely and the intake/exhaust paths are open
- Inspect the coil for heavy ice; a thin layer is normal
Most systems run automatic defrost cycles to melt frost. Steam from the unit is expected during this process. After a storm or an extended period of cold, the unit may need time to complete a full defrost cycle.
If ice remains or continues to build after defrosting, turn the system off and call our HVAC technicians for help. Leaving heavy ice in place can stress components such as the fan blade or the motor.
4. Defrost & Reversing Valve Basics
A properly timed defrost cycle is essential during long stretches of Michigan sub-freezing weather. When the cycle starts, steam rising from the unit and a noticeable shift in the reversing valve are normal—not signs that your heat pump isn’t working in cold weather.
Key things to check:
- Expect a valve shift and visible steam during defrost.
- If defrost never starts and the coil packs with ice, the board or sensors may be failing.
- If defrost runs too often or too long, look for airflow restrictions or incorrect outdoor sensor placement.
Michigan’s extended cold periods naturally increase frost buildup, so accurate defrost timing is critical to keep the system operating efficiently.
5. Electrical & Safety Checks
Electrical issues can keep your heat pump from starting or cause it to shut down repeatedly, so a quick power check is a must. Begin by confirming the heat pump is receiving power at the breaker—switch it fully off, then back on once. A unit that still won’t activate or consistently trips the breaker needs professional attention to check for thermostat or electrical faults.
Work through these additional checks:
- Make sure the outdoor disconnect is fully seated
- Look for a tripped condensate float switch at the furnace or air handler
- Listen for compressor failure symptoms, such as loud humming with no start or frequent trips
If you notice burning smells or scorch marks, turn the system off immediately and call Andy’s Statewide at 248-494-8747 for fast service.
6. Backup Heat & “No Heat but Unit Runs”
A heat pump can run nonstop without warming the home, especially in extreme cold. When your heat pump runs constantly in cold weather, or the blower is moving air that still feels cool, backup heat or outdoor components may be involved. Start by confirming the thermostat isn’t set too high and is set to heat, not cool.
Work through these quick checks:
- If the blower runs but the air is cool, look for outdoor icing, a reversing valve issue, or low refrigerant (requires a pro).
- Confirm that aux or backup heat stages activate during extreme cold.
- For dual-fuel systems, verify furnace switchover temperatures are set correctly for Michigan winters.
If backup heat never engages or your heat pump isn't keeping up in cold weather, it’s time to call for service.
When to Call a Professional
Some issues go beyond DIY fixes, especially during harsh Michigan weather. If heat pump troubleshooting hasn’t restored normal operation, it’s safest to bring in a trained technician.
Call Andy’s Statewide if you notice:
- Thick ice that doesn’t clear after a full defrost cycle
- Breaker tripping more than once, or signs of electrical damage
- Persistent short cycling or rapid on-off cycling
- Loud metal-on-metal noises, buzzing, or humming with no start
- No heat below 35°F, even with correct settings and a clean filter
- Outdoor unit fan not spinning, or stopping mid-cycle
- Steam never appearing during defrost, or defrost never initiating
- Air staying cool even though blower runs continuously
- Backup or auxiliary heat failing to engage during extreme cold
- Unusual smells such as burning, melting plastic, or electrical odors
- Suspected refrigerant or compressor issues that require EPA-certified handling
- Thermostat calling for heat, but outdoor unit never turning on
- System overdue for heating maintenance
Problems like low refrigerant, failing motors, and damaged defrost controls can escalate quickly if ignored. For fast, reliable repair and service, call 248-494-8747.
Michigan-Specific Tips That Boost Performance
Michigan’s winter conditions can create challenges you won’t see in milder climates, especially when cold snaps and lake-effect snow pile up. A few cold-weather adjustments can help your system stay steady and reliable:
- Keep outdoor units clear of snow; remove buildup regularly.
- Provide wind protection by using simple barriers or shrubs, softening gusts without blocking airflow.
- Maintain coil cleanliness with professional maintenance, which helps units shed frost more easily.
- Seal gaps in the home around doors, windows, and attic spaces to reduce heat loss.
- Maintain consistent indoor temperature settings to reduce system strain.
If your heat pump’s winter performance continues to drop off, our technicians can take a closer look at your Detroit HVAC system. We’ll help determine whether repairs or a new installation will better improve system function through Michigan’s toughest weather.
Get Reliable Heat Pump Service for Michigan Winters
Cold weather puts extra stress on your system, and professional help can make all the difference. When heat pump troubleshooting doesn’t fix the issue, Andy’s Statewide provides dependable repairs, replacements, and new installations built for Michigan’s toughest conditions.
Our team makes sure your system stays safe, efficient, and ready for the next cold spell. For prompt service and lasting comfort, call 248-494-8747 or schedule online today.